Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection that can cause a range of symptoms. The common signs include fever, headache, and muscle pain. If left untreated, meningitis and liver / kidney damage (Weil's disease) may develop. Rarely leptospirosis can lead to death. This disease is found world-wide (except for Polar Regions).
How do you catch Leptospirosis?
Humans become infected through contact with water or soil containing urine from infected animals. This may occur when the infected water or soil comes into contact with broken skin or mucosal surfaces, such as the eyes or nose. Swallowing contaminated food or water has also been shown to cause leptospirosis. It is a recreational hazard for those who participate in outdoor sports in contaminated areas and has been associated with swimming, canoeing and white-water rafting in contaminated lakes and rivers.
Incubation period:
The time from exposure to the bacteria to developing symptoms is usually 4-19 days.
Diagnosis:
Diagnosis can be difficult and is usually confirmed by blood or urine tests.
Prevention:
Avoid swimming and wading in potentially contaminated water and wear protective clothing when work requires such exposure.
Treatment:
Antibiotic treatments such as doxycycline and penicillin are available. These treatments should be commenced promptly, seek medical attention early if you develop symptoms of this disease.
Fact sheet written by:
MASTA
MASTA are specialists in travel health services. Healthcare professionals can access its daily updated database of vaccine and travel health advice by registering at www.masta.org (fee applies). Travellers can search for advice and information and find a MASTA Travel Clinic at www.masta-travel-health.com
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